Cardinal Movements of Labor Handout

Hip pain is a common and disabling condition that can affect individuals of all ages. A rational approach to the hip examination is crucial in diagnosing the underlying cause of this type of pain. In this handout, we will explore the cardinal movements of labor that help in identifying the source of hip pain.

The initial step in examining patients with hip pain is to perform plain radiography. This includes an anteroposterior view of the pelvis and a frog-leg lateral view of the symptomatic hip. Radiography is essential when acute fracture, dislocation, or stress fractures are suspected.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another diagnostic test that can help in detecting occult traumatic fractures, stress fractures, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. MRI should be performed if the history and plain radiograph results are not diagnostic.

Clinical examination tests are helpful but lack high sensitivity and specificity for most diagnoses. Lateral hip pain is commonly associated with greater trochanteric pain syndrome, while posterior hip pain can be attributed to piriformis syndrome, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, lumbar radiculopathy, and less commonly ischiofemoral impingement and vascular claudication.

Anterior hip and groin pain is often linked to intra-articular pathology such as osteoarthritis and hip labral tears. Patients usually report that their hip pain is localized to one of three anatomic regions: the anterior hip and groin, the posterior hip and buttock, or the lateral hip.

The differential diagnosis of hip pain is broad, presenting a diagnostic challenge. Magnetic resonance arthrography is the diagnostic test of choice for labral tears. By understanding the cardinal movements of labor, healthcare providers can better diagnose and manage hip pain, leading to improved patient outcomes.

In conclusion, a comprehensive approach to evaluating patients with hip pain involves a combination of plain radiography, MRI, clinical examination tests, and a rational approach to the hip examination. By recognizing the cardinal movements of labor, healthcare providers can accurately diagnose and treat hip pain, ultimately improving patient care.

Cardinal movements of labor handout